/CropBox [0 0 595 842] These semi-structured interviews were carried out by using open-ended questions and afterwards transcribed and analysed by using classifying and themes. << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /ExtGState << /TT1 226 0 R >> /Resources << /Parent 12 0 R >> /TT2 121 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /Type /Page 60 0 obj 59 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R << /Properties << >> 49 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R >> 0000032161 00000 n >> 87 0 obj /Parent 14 0 R /Properties << /ExtGState << /Resources << The biggest of these changes were the 'marketisation' of education and the introduction of the 'new vocationalism', which . >> /StructParents 83 /Count 10 /Type /Page /Rotate 0 >> >> >> /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. /Properties << >> /Rotate 0 /Contents 282 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /Parent 12 0 R endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). /TT2 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. /Parent 13 0 R >> This benefits special education students and general education students alike. /Font << critical areas of reform which the policymakers may consider in crafting legislative interventions to broaden and reinforce further the gains of land reform in the country. >> /Type /Page << A market is always going to have winners and losers. >> >> /TT0 120 0 R >> << >> /Type /Page /Properties << >> Education Reform Act (1988) Aims To raise standards To make schools more accountable To run schools on 'market principles' and improve efficiency/competition To give parents (consumers) greater choice Creating an education 'market' so that schools were competing against each other for 'customers' (pupils). /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT2 159 0 R /Type /Page endobj All that changed 30 years ago this summer with the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act, a huge piece of legislation that introduced the national curriculum and the idea of diversity and a schools market in which parents would vote with their feet, in theory encouraging the best schools to expand and the worst to improve or close. 19 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /StructParents 85 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 121 0 R /Type /Page 50 0 obj >> >> /Resources << 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R] /Type /Page << >> /ExtGState << endobj >> /Rotate 0 << /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /Rotate 0 /Marked true /Parent 12 0 R >> 106 0 obj /Properties << >> In the U.S. healthcare system, medical professionals are not employed by the government.Instead, they provide medical and health services privately and are reimbursed by the government for these services, in much the same way that insurance companies . . /Rotate 0 endobj /Type /Page >> The 1988 reforms played an unambiguous role in that improvement, says Phillips: They shone a spotlight on schools failing young people like this one.. endobj The one-day forum of presentations and /Type /Page 44 0 obj /Parent 14 0 R endobj /Font << >> /TT2 121 0 R 116 0 obj by Fiona Millar will be published by John Catt this month, Parental choice in education has created the worst of all worlds, School admissions: why complaining to the watchdog will get you nowhere. According to the results, the 1988 Education Reform Act has had a strong impact on teaching in the British primary schools. >> >> endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /CreatorInfo << /Type /Pages /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R Following ARE THE Advantaged and Disadvantaged of New Education Policy 2020. /Type /Catalog >> 54 0 obj >> Several interviewees described a situation in which the government is attempting to oversee thousands of academies, through a muddle of local authorities, school chains, regional commissioners and the Education Funding Agency, as the wild west. /TT2 121 0 R /Type /Pages The advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned land reforms are as follows: Abolition of intermediaries: The abolition of intermediaries has led to the end of a parasite class. /Properties << 0000003657 00000 n /Resources << /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 13 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] And Phillipss school, Lilian Baylis Technology School, in Lambeth, south London, would appear to exemplify the benefits of this approach to public services. /Type /OCG /Parent 10 0 R /MC0 129 0 R endobj >> /ExtGState << >> >> /StructParents 13 Alternative types of schooling in the UK Faith schools Independent Special schools Home schooling Task: Give a definition for each types of school and give at least three advantages and disadvantages. /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 13 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The New Rights 1988 Education Reform Act put in place the policies which aimed to achieve the goal of raising standards. /Properties << >> >> /TT1 121 0 R 18 0 obj 0000002452 00000 n /ExtGState << << 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R endobj /Font << /ExtGState << >> (In literal terms, it means the rule of the parents.). /Parent 19 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /TT2 159 0 R >> It firmly placed education in the marketplace, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret . /Contents 268 0 R endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The chains have over-expanded and it often becomes more about the preservation of the trust than about the pupils. /TT1 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 226 0 R >> >> /Rotate 0 /Font << /ExtGState << /Type /Pages << >> /Rotate 0 /TT3 121 0 R It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . /MC0 129 0 R >> xref /Properties << << >> /Font << /Contents 266 0 R /Type /Page The Education Reform Act (1988): introduced the national curriculum, league tables, and standardised testing. /Type /Page However, state-governed evaluations may soon come to an end. /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /Properties << /Contents 284 0 R >> /Parent 16 0 R /TT0 120 0 R << /Parent 12 0 R /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) /Properties << /StructParents 86 /Resources << /Count 10 /Contents 286 0 R Appointed President of the Board of Education in 1941, Richard 'Rab' Butler passed an Education Act in 1944, promising 'Secondary Education for All'. /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page >> There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /StructParents 67 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Did the schools market deliver?, which looks back at the 30 years since the passage of the 1988 act. /Properties << Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Count 10 /Resources << /Contents 275 0 R /ExtGState << /Parent 16 0 R >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 190 0 R 191 0 R] /Contents 230 0 R /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 17 0 R << /StructParents 56 endobj >> /TT2 121 0 R /Resources << /F3 122 0 R /ExtGState << 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, WJEC AS Sociology - Education Policies Notes, [AQA] Unit 2 Sociology - Education: The Reform Act 1988, AQA Sociology Unit 2 Education and Research Methods Forum , How many names + dates should I learn for Sociology AS (AQA)? endobj /Resources << /StructParents 16 /Font << /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) >> >> 23 0 obj >> /Contents 289 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 26 << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 >> endobj 65 0 obj /Contents 192 0 R /Properties << >> Marketisation means creating an education market. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << >> /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> << /TT2 226 0 R /Type /Page The Obama administration would like to provide national education standards that all states would be required to follow, according to a report on VOANews.com.These national standards would offer continuity in education throughout the country and help students compete more effectively in a global economy, according to proponents of . /Properties << /Font << >> >> The 1997 New Labour and the 2010 Coalition Government which followed kept to the basic system established in 1988. /Rotate 0 >> >> /Resources << /Parent 12 0 R /GS0 125 0 R endobj /Annots [160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /TT1 159 0 R 72 0 obj endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Dest [110 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /Names 4 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /Count 10 >> 93 0 obj /Font << << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Resources << /ExtGState << /StructParents 53 >> Federal involvement would eliminate the inconsistencies in the system. New Right ideas have most been mostly strictly followed by the Conservative when they have been in power in the UK firstly, 1979-1997 and again since 2010.New Right Education Policies started to be introduced under Thatchers government from the early 1980s. /Font << 0000003223 00000 n QUALITY education is viewed as any country's pillar of success. /Parent 17 0 R >> /Contents 250 0 R endobj endobj /StructParents 38 98 0 obj Finally, the principle of competition has been applied internationally, in the form of the PISA league tables. /Contents 130 0 R *SJj4Tf >> Government healthcare refers to government funding of healthcare services via direct payments to doctors, hospitals, and other providers. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << These dimensions underpin the curriculum and the ethos of the school. /Rotate 0 Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /TT3 159 0 R endobj /Parent 14 0 R /Contents 229 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 92 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /ExtGState << Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA88) onwards, we measured changes over time in the tendency for pupils with particular socio-economic characteristics to cluster in particular schools (termed segregation). /ExtGState << The Education Reform Act ( 1988) (ERA) sets education within the context of the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils and of society. /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /Parent 14 0 R /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] /Properties << >> The 1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established the National Curriculum, the main advantage as cited in Haralambos & Holborn, (2000), was that it set a consistent standard across the country, in an attempt to promote equality. /Parent 2 0 R /Contents 294 0 R /TT3 121 0 R 48 0 obj 0000002642 00000 n endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Intake and its social class still influences how some parents make their choices and these subtle forces influence selection.. /GS0 125 0 R << /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /TT2 121 0 R /Resources << /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 86 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 47 >> This post has primarily been written forstudents of A-level sociology who are studying the education module in their first year. /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. The New Rights theory was that marketisation would improve efficiency in schools, which should automatically be achieved by making schools more competitive 0 therefore reducing the education budget. /Contents 158 0 R An Act to amend the law relating to education. /Resources << /Parent 16 0 R /Resources << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /ExtGState << 32 0 obj >> endobj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 12 0 R /Resources << /Contents 303 0 R << endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /TT3 159 0 R >> /Font << Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /D << /Resources << /Contents 234 0 R /Font << /Parent 13 0 R x?a*""/T HpO=Ua.qKKYSe,UO0]vem3__)S_TROatNSa`\BQrLlL$xpH9xV6rzN[#xPC*m !E|HRoD>KxkI]h*p]+GcB-sr)4v#%U_J~ +Esz3a7/bf!UI0Y>_x4&X!)zX /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> 16 0 obj >> >> /StructParents 77 /StructParents 87 Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, Advantages & disadvantages of The education reform act 1988. /Parent 17 0 R /Properties << You cant close down failing schools until they have completely collapsed their roll. /Parent 15 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Resources << /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R We will write a custom Essay on Evaluation of Advantages and Disadvantages of Approaches to Curriculum Design specifically for you . 1 0 obj >> Also, just because powerful governments have expanded marketisation on a global scale, this doesnt necessarily mean it works for everyone, and there are plenty of criticisms of the negative consequences of the 1988 Education Act as below, Below I summarize EIGHT criticisms of the 1988 Education Act, Concern has been expressed over the harmful effects of over-testing on pupils, especially younger pupils. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Contents 219 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R 28. /ExtGState << startxref /TT1 226 0 R /Contents 283 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 10 0 R >> /Parent 9 0 R >> >> endobj 53 0 obj Education Reform Act 1988. /Resources << Over the following pages, three people who were directly involved . /Resources << << The Education Reform Act of 1988 gave the government the authority to control the programme of study at schools and established a . >> << /Type /Page It has stirred up heated responses from supporters of both sides in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and among overseas Chinese communities with its implications of political ideology and cultural identity. Thus an undersubscribed school where fewer parents chose to send their children would decrease in size and possibly close, while an oversubscribed school could, if properly managed, expand. endstream /TT2 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R 0000003916 00000 n /StructParents 41 14 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Type /Page /StructParents 27 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 245 0 R >> /Contents 222 0 R /GS0 125 0 R endobj >> >> CQ Library American political resources opens in new tab; Data Planet A universe of data opens in new tab; SAGE Business Cases Real-world cases at your fingertips opens in new tab; SAGE Campus Online skills and methods courses opens in new tab; SAGE Knowledge The ultimate social science library opens in new tab; SAGE Research Methods The ultimate methods library . /Page < < /contents 219 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Resources < < 0000003223 00000 QUALITY! 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